Is Google and Verizon's Net Neutrality Proposal Socially Responsible Research Paper

Is Google and Verizon's Net Neutrality Proposal Socially Responsible - Research Paper Example (Patel, 2010) In this announcement, Google and Verizon listed three reasons behind their position: â€Å"to preserve the open Internet and the vibrant and innovative markets it supports† â€Å"to protect consumers† â€Å"to promote continued investment in broadband access† (Verizon-Google, 2010) Barbara Van Schewick of Stanford Law School has published a public law paper titled â€Å"Network Neutrality: What a Non-Discrimination Rule Should Look Like† (2010) defining network neutrality as relating to â€Å"the debate over whether governments should establish rules limiting the extent to which network providers can interfere with the applications and content on their networks.† (Van Schewick, 2010) She states that the European Union, the UK, France, Germany and the US are currently evaluating the implementation of net neutrality laws that would either prohibit or permit the carriers to discriminate between web traffic based on source, application, an d other criteria undefined, as well as whether preferred treatment for some web content represents a problem for broadband policy. (Van Schewick, 2010) As there is a generally accepted position validating government interest and regulation of the issue on claims of the â€Å"public good,† net neutrality in this essay will refer primarily to legislative attempts that prohibit content discrimination by carriers and internet service providers. This essay will further analyze the Google-Verizon â€Å"joint policy proposal† by using the standards established by Barbara Van Schewick in â€Å"Network Neutrality: What a Non-Discrimination Rule Should Look Like† (2010) as a reference for an ideal â€Å"public good† legislation, critically analyzing her reasoning and assumptions in the process. In summarizing the position taken by Google and Verizon vs. arguments for the public good, the essay will also consider popular media commentary including tech blogs such as CNET, TechCrunch, Endgadget, and Popular Science as examples of the broader public consensus and IT community viewpoint on these proposals. Finally, the position paper produced by the Electric Frontier Foundation (EFF) will be referenced as an example of the civil libertarian view. In this manner the corporate proposal as advocated by Google and Verizon will be analyzed in the context of mainstream tech community views, the â€Å"public good† legal standard advocated by Stanford Law School, and also from the civil libertarian perspective in constitutional law. This is necessary because the corporate viewpoint claims to be acting on behalf of the â€Å"public good† but may in fact be protecting or furthering the interests of company profit over other issues that are important to a pluralistic society. Consumer Protections: â€Å"A broadband Internet access service provider would be prohibited from preventing users of its broadband Internet access service from— (1) sending and receiving lawful content of their choice; (2) running lawful applications and using lawful services of their choice; and (3) connecting their choice of legal devices that do not harm the network or service, facilitate theft of service, or harm other users of the service.† (Verizon-Google, 2010) The use of the term â€Å"lawful† repeatedly in this first section highlights one of the main issues under contention, which is that Google, Verizon, and

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The important part of the business strategy is to ensure that the resources and the competencies are evaluated and much more understood. The process is known as strategic audit of a business strategy (Government Commerce Office Great Britain, 2004) An example of strategy is like a situation where a business decides to start operating beyond the borders of its home country. Literature Review Phases of Strategy Execution Before embarking on the study, it is important to know what a business strategy entails and the steps of forming and implementing a business strategy. The prime steps in executing a strategy include, the formation and analysis, development, implementation and review of strategy as per the international marketing strategy book by Doole and Lowe say in their book. Basically, formation and analysis of strategy is the introduction of international operations of business in an international environment of trading. Considerations have to be considered with regards to cultura l and social environments of international marketing. Development of strategy focuses on the fact whether a business is medium or small sized. The world strategies of a business are considered and the entry to a given market alike. There is also the part of the international commodity management. While implementing a business strategy, there are functions involved with the likes of international way of contacting other businesses and basically the communication part of it. There is also the management of the international logistics and distribution. The prices are also set that suit the international market. Enabling technologies are put in place as well. Reviewing of a strategy as the last step is the reviewing of the implemented strategy to asses its performance. This involves evaluating performance and initiating adjustments meant for correcting long term direction, condition changes, new ideas and emerging opportunities. It aims at deciding on the continuity of the companyâ€⠄¢s vision, the objectives or the implementation methods of the strategy. (Doole and Lowe, 2008) This study is for the purpose of expounding on the issue of strategy and in terms of a specific case of Starbucks Company and it is going to consider the company in all fronts of a business strategy. That is, in terms of the four major steps of coming up with a business strategy; forming, developing, implementing, and reviewing of a strategy for an organization. One of the business strategies Starbucks has had in the recent past is the internationalization strategy. This strategy was done in the four steps aforementioned. These are going to be explained in the following write-out. Basically, Starbucks Company buys whole bean coffees and roasts them. It also makes offers of fine pastries, premium Tazo teas and other delicacies. It provides an entertainment environment as well for the visitors of their shops. (starbucks, 2011) Starbucks is a renown brands of those brands of coffee sold glo bally. It is now established in around 43 nations with about 15,000 franchises of coffee shops around the globe. This company was first set up in year 1971 as a small coffee retailer specialty and it was in Seattle. (Daft, Murphy and Willmott, 2010 p49) Starbucks has since 1971 had a change of direction by entering new markets such as Japan, Hawaii, Singapore, and since year

Definitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definitions - Essay Example Financial System - system that enables transfer of money between savers or investors/lenders and borrowers and may also pertain to the set of implemented procedures that track the financial activities of the company. Diversification - a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio and strives to smooth out unsystematic risk events in a portfolio so that the positive performance of some investments will neutralize the negative performance of others. Repurchase Agreement - (repo for short) is a type of short-term loan much used in the money markets, whereby the seller of a security agrees to buy it back at a specified price and time; the seller pays an interest rate, called the repo rate, when buying back the securities. US Treasury Security - government debt  issued by the  United States Department of the Treasury  through the  Bureau of the Public Debt; treasury  securities  are the  debt  financing instruments of the  United States federal government, and they are often referred to simply as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Treasuries.† OTC Markets - decentralized (Over-The-Counter) markets of securities not listed on an exchange where market participants trade over the telephone, facsimile or electronic network instead of a physical trading floor. Adverse Selection - also called anti-selection or negative selection refers to a market process in which â€Å"bad† results occur when buyers and sellers have  asymmetric information  (i.e. access to different information): the â€Å"bad† products or services are more likely to be selected. Moral Hazard - The risk that a party to a transaction has not entered into  the contract in good faith, has provided misleading information about its assets, liabilities or credit capacity, or has an incentive to take unusual risks in a desperate attempt to earn a profit before the contract settles. Money - a medium that can be

GOOD CITY FORMS AND HEALTHY COMMUNITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GOOD CITY FORMS AND HEALTHY COMMUNITY - Essay Example In the article, the author argues going back to these basics to make new cities worth living in. A re-examination of the urban planning ideas of Lynch includes efficiency and justice as well. It further appeals to consider city size, future growth, and conservation measures when making plans, as most cities today are also ill and sterile, lacking diversity and vibrancy (Ford 247). In this second article by Y. R. Jabareen, entitled â€Å"Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts† and published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research back in September of 2006, the author who is connected with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the Department of Urban Studies, he identifies the four sustainable types of major urban forms, namely: neotraditional development, the compact city, urban containment, and lastly, the ecological city. Any of these urban forms utilizes a combination of the seven main design concepts in terms of environmental planning for sustainability which are compactness, transport, density, mixed-land use, diversity, passive solar design, and lastly, greening (Jabareen 39), which is essentially just an elaboration of the ideas of David Lynch. In â€Å"Urban Development and Climate Change† and published in 2008, an entirely new perspective was drawn based on concerns of climate change as countries grapple with the issue of urban sprawl, and that is how to reduce gas emission by reducing the vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) by using compact development as the role model (Ewing et al. 201). By their estimates, compactness helps to reduce VMT by approximately 20% to 40% because it eliminates long commutes, which in turn reduces the gas emissions by around 7% to 10% as they made some plausible assumptions in their study models, up to the year 2050. For most of local governments worried about global warming, it is a good idea as it

How did Roman authors choose to portray barbarians (particularly Gauls Essay

How did Roman authors choose to portray barbarians (particularly Gauls and Germans) How realistic can we expect these portraits - Essay Example The Romans enjoyed a culture based on fine arts and literature, superior technologies and advanced training techniques for their military campaigns. As the empire extended ever further, there was increasing contact with those â€Å"other† tribes and nations and the Roman historians recorded their impressions from this rather one-sided perspective of the conqueror. This paper examines the way that two Roman authors, Julius Caesar and Tacitus, portray the barbarians and examines the very different motivations of these two writers and the consequent limitations of their respective approaches. The early account of the Germans which is given by Julius Caesar (100-44BC) in Book VI of De Bello Gallico [Gallic War] is presented as a contrast to the way that he perceives the Gauls. It is interesting that this great Roman leader comments first on religious matters and war, pointing out that the Germans do not have druids and sacrifices, like the Gauls, but instead have their own gods wh om they can see and who help them in their warlike lifestyle.1 It is quite clear that Caesar accepts the different gods of these two barbarian peoples as actors in the battles that occur, and he accepts also their direct link with the sun, sky and natural world of groves and springs that go with these gods. There is no attempt to layer Roman ideas into these practices, but there is an implicit assumption that Roman ways are better. Caesar appears impressed by their dependence on animal products, rather than agriculture, and the way that leaders ensure loyalty by organising a rotation of lands and a focus on plundering neighboring tribes, since in his view this keeps them always ready for war.2 It is striking that Caesar notes also the generosity of the Germans in offering protection hospitality and food to those who visit them, because this reveals a fair-minded appreciation of German moral standards. He does not demonize his enemies, but seeks to portray them in a sympathetic light . One reason for this may be that his experience on campaigns and in the battlefields has taught him how difficult it is to maintain fitness and commitment in his fighting troops. Roman troops were motivated by monetary rewards and the promise of a happy retirement back in the warmer climes of their homeland, while the German warriors appear less materialistic and better trained for a life of fighting. For a general this must have seemed like a far better underpinning for the provision of fighting forces. When it comes to the Gauls, Julius Caesar reflects a common classical notion that those who are located furthest from the centre of the Empire in Rome are the most valiant and the greatest of the barbarians: â€Å"For Caesar this distance, combined with the Belgae’s close proximity and daily confrontations with the Germans, both offensively and defensively, had made them the bravest of the Gauls.†3 This traditional wisdom could not fail to have influenced his percepti on of the peoples that he encountered on his exploratory travels throughout the vast regions of Gaul. There is a strong possibility that he actually seeks out evidence to support these theories, and to stress that he values the barbarians more, the further away from Rome they are, thus at the same time extolling their powerful image but minimizing any possibility

GOOD CITY FORMS AND HEALTHY COMMUNITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GOOD CITY FORMS AND HEALTHY COMMUNITY - Essay Example In the article, the author argues going back to these basics to make new cities worth living in. A re-examination of the urban planning ideas of Lynch includes efficiency and justice as well. It further appeals to consider city size, future growth, and conservation measures when making plans, as most cities today are also ill and sterile, lacking diversity and vibrancy (Ford 247). In this second article by Y. R. Jabareen, entitled â€Å"Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts† and published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research back in September of 2006, the author who is connected with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the Department of Urban Studies, he identifies the four sustainable types of major urban forms, namely: neotraditional development, the compact city, urban containment, and lastly, the ecological city. Any of these urban forms utilizes a combination of the seven main design concepts in terms of environmental planning for sustainability which are compactness, transport, density, mixed-land use, diversity, passive solar design, and lastly, greening (Jabareen 39), which is essentially just an elaboration of the ideas of David Lynch. In â€Å"Urban Development and Climate Change† and published in 2008, an entirely new perspective was drawn based on concerns of climate change as countries grapple with the issue of urban sprawl, and that is how to reduce gas emission by reducing the vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) by using compact development as the role model (Ewing et al. 201). By their estimates, compactness helps to reduce VMT by approximately 20% to 40% because it eliminates long commutes, which in turn reduces the gas emissions by around 7% to 10% as they made some plausible assumptions in their study models, up to the year 2050. For most of local governments worried about global warming, it is a good idea as it

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Financial management - Essay Example Key principles that are followed by the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers are as follows: First, the panel follows the principle of equal treatment for every shareholder. According to this principle, every shareholder of the firm that is getting taken over should get equal treatment. Even if all the security holders do not posses adequate control on the operation of the company, each of them should be protected. Second, the panel strictly follows the rule of providing adequate advice and information timely to all security holders. Third, the panel can not allow the creation of any false market for the shares of the offeree firm. According to this principle, a company is allowed to announce a merger or takeover only once after it becomes completely ready for the event to conduct. Fourth, it is not possible for any firm to perform any unauthorized frustrating activities without having any approval from its shareholders. According to this principle, a firm can not issue or sell any share f rom its treasury without proper approval from its shareholders. (Fisher, 2003) B. The Economic reasons for mergers and acquisitions are some economic benefits that are obtained by means of mergers and acquisitions. The benefits are as follows: Efficiency: Mergers and acquisitions help firms to add up their assets. ... Besides getting efficiency at operational level, mergers and acquisitions also help in providing efficiency at management level to some extent. When a firm involves in the process of merging with another firm or taking over the assets of any other company, then it becomes possible to generate a market controlled by corporate. (Hunt, 2009; Sherman and Hart, 2006) Financial benefits: By taking over the assets of other firms, a business organization can follow the route of diversification of its earnings. This type of diversification causes a significant fall in the variation in the area of profitability of the company and thus helps in making a reduction in the risks of bankruptcy as well as attendant costs. Market power effect: Mergers and acquisitions is also helpful in providing greater amount of market power that in turn offers many benefits to the companies who involve in the process of merging. (Galpin and Herndon, 2007) Sometimes mergers and actuations become unsuccessful for th e following reasons: First, mergers influence organizational culture to a large extent. On account of mergers and acquisitions the employees of the merging companies have to experience rigorous anxiety. This kind of anxiety causes a fall in the level of productivity. Second, frequently, mergers are done with wrong intentions. Often, mergers or takeovers are used for seeking glory or to express financial strength. Third, the success derived from mergers and acquisitions is frequently hindered by variations in the work cultures as well as corporate activities of the firm which are involved in the process of mergers and acquisitions. Fourth, once the process of mergers and acquisitions becomes complete, firms generally put their focus on the issues relating to cost reduction rather than